Finland - Wikipedia. Republic of Finland. Anthem: Maamme (Finnish)V. A peninsula with the Gulf of Finland to the south and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west, the country has land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east. Estonia is south of the country across the Gulf of Finland. Finland is situated in the geographical region of Fennoscandia, which also includes Scandinavia. Finland's population is 5. The majority of the population is concentrated in the southern region. Over 1. 4 million people live in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area, which produces a third of the country's GDP. From the late 1. 2th century, Finland was an integral part of Sweden, a legacy reflected in the prevalence of the Swedish language and its official status. In the spirit of the notion of Adolf Ivar Arwidsson (1. Nevertheless, in 1. Finland was incorporated into the Russian Empire as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland. In 1. 90. 6, Finland became the second nation in the world to give the right to vote to all adult citizens and the first in the world to give all adult citizens the right to run for public office. After a brief attempt to establish a kingdom, the country became a republic. During World War II, the Soviet Union sought repeatedly to occupy Finland, with Finland losing parts of Karelia, Salla and Kuusamo, Petsamo and some islands, but retaining independence. Finland joined the United Nations in 1. The Finno- Soviet Treaty of 1. Soviet Union some leverage in Finnish domestic politics during the Cold War era. Finland joined the Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development (OECD) in 1. NATO Partnership for Peace on 1. It rapidly developed an advanced economy while building an extensive Nordic- stylewelfare state, resulting in widespread prosperity and one of the highest per capita incomes in the world. Two were found in the Swedish province of Uppland and have the inscription finlonti (U 5. The third was found in Gotland, in the Baltic Sea. It has the inscription finlandi (G 3. In addition to the close relatives of Finnish (the Finnic languages), this name is also used in the Baltic languages. Latvian and Lithuanian. Alternatively, the Indo- European word *g. Gothic guma, Latin homo) has been suggested, being borrowed as *. The word originally referred only to the province of Finland Proper, and later to the northern coast of Gulf of Finland, with northern regions such as Ostrobothnia still sometimes being excluded until later. Earlier theories suggested derivation from suomaa (fen land) or suoniemi (fen cape), and parallels between saame (Sami, a Finno- Ugric people in Lapland), and H. What the term actually refers to can vary between sources, additionally, the boundaries to the east and the north were not exact. A sort of establishment of Finland as a united entity, if only in name, was made when John III of Sweden called his duchy the . The term became part of the title of the King of Sweden but had little practical meaning. The Finnish land area had the same standing as the area to the west of the Bothnian Sea, and the Finnish part of the realm had the same representation in the parliament as the western part. In 1. 63. 7, Queen Christina named Per Brahe the Younger. Kirjakauppa Johannes on Suomen vanhin toimiva antikvariaatti. Myymme kirjoja, nuotteja ja vanhoja lehti. Did you know that you can help us produce ebooks by proof-reading just one page a day? Go to: Distributed Proofreaders. 9781844430611 1844430618 Eating for Health Pack 9780881775433 0881775436 Safe Sanctuaries - Reducing the Risk of Abuse in the Church for Children and Youth, Melton. Alla on tekstimuodossa ns. Tonniartikkelien osaluettelo 6.1.2013 tallennettuna. Additional photos for some countries can be found in the HISTORY section of each country through the MAIN INDEX - To CONTRIBUTE photos, send an email for details. Get information, facts, and pictures about Finland at Encyclopedia.com. Make research projects and school reports about Finland easy with credible articles from our. Governor General of Finland, . What was signed over to Russia in 1. The boundary between the new Grand Duchy of Finland and the remaining part of Sweden could have been drawn along the river Kemijoki, the boundary at the time between V. The actual boundary, which followed the Torne River and the Muonio River to the fells Saana and Halti in the northwest, was a compromise. The area it delineated was to become what was represented by the concept of Finland . The artifacts the first settlers left behind present characteristics that are shared with those found in Estonia, Russia, and Norway. There is no consensus on when Uralic languages and Indo- European languages were first spoken in the area of contemporary Finland. During the first millennium AD, early Finnish was spoken in agricultural settlements in southern Finland, whereas S. Although distantly related, the Sami are a different people that retained the hunter- gatherer lifestyle longer than the Finns. The Sami cultural identity and the Sami language have survived in Lapland, the northernmost province, but the Sami have been displaced or assimilated elsewhere. Swedish era. It is one of Finland's most popular tourist attractions. As a part of Northern Crusades, Swedish kings established their rule in Finland gradually during 1. Finns proper, Tavastians and Karelians. Swedish- speaking settlers colonized the coastal regions during the Middle Ages. In the 1. 7th century, Swedish became the dominant language of the nobility, administration, and education; Finnish was chiefly a language for the peasantry, clergy, and local courts in predominantly Finnish- speaking areas. During the Protestant Reformation, the Finns gradually converted to Lutheranism. The first university in Finland, The Royal Academy of Turku, was established in 1. Finland suffered a severe famine in 1. In the 1. 8th century, wars between Sweden and Russia twice led to the occupation of Finland by Russian forces, times known to the Finns as the Greater Wrath (1. An increasingly vocal elite in Finland soon determined that Finnish ties with Sweden were becoming too costly, and following Gustav III's War (1. Even before the Russo- Swedish War of 1. Sprengtporten, who had supported Gustav III's coup in 1. Sprengporten fell out with the king and resigned his commission in 1. In the following decade he tried to secure Russian support for an autonomous Finland, and later became an adviser to Catherine II. As a matter of fact, at this time the Finnish peasantry was outraged by the actions of their elite and almost exclusively supported Gustav's actions against the conspirators. In 1. 81. 1, Alexander I incorporated Russian Vyborg province into the Grand Duchy of Finland. During the Russian era, the Finnish language began to gain recognition. From the 1. 86. 0s onwards, a strong Finnish nationalist movement known as the Fennoman movement grew. Milestones included the publication of what would become Finland's national epic . The famine led the Russian Empire to ease financial regulations, and investment rose in following decades. Economic and political development was rapid. However, the relationship between the Grand Duchy and the Russian Empire soured when the Russian government made moves to restrict Finnish autonomy. For example, the universal suffrage was, in practice, virtually meaningless, since the tsar did not have to approve any of the laws adopted by the Finnish parliament. Desire for independence gained ground, first among radical liberals. Since the head of state was the tsar of Russia, it was not clear who the chief executive of Finland was after the revolution. The parliament, controlled by social democrats, passed the so- called Power Act to give the highest authority to parliament. This was rejected by the Russian Provisional Government which dissolved the parliament. Some social democrats refused to accept the result and still claimed that the dissolution of the parliament (and thus the ensuing elections) were extralegal. The two nearly equally powerful political blocs, the right- wing parties and the social democratic party, were highly antagonized. Suddenly, the right- wing parties in Finland started to reconsider their decision to block the transfer of highest executive power from the Russian government to Finland, as the Bolsheviks took power in Russia. Rather than acknowledge the authority of the Power Law of a few months earlier, the right- wing government declared independence on 6 December 1. On 2. 7 January 1. The government started to disarm the Russian forces in Pohjanmaa, and the Social Democratic Party staged a coup. This sparked the brief but bitter civil war. The Whites, who were supported by Imperial Germany, prevailed over the Reds. Deep social and political enmity was sown between the Reds and Whites and would last until the Winter War and beyond. The civil war and activist expeditions into Soviet Russia strained Eastern relations. After a brief flirtation with monarchy, Finland became a presidential republic, with Kaarlo Juho St. Finnish democracy did not see any Soviet coup attempts and survived the anti- Communist Lapua Movement. The relationship between Finland and the Soviet Union was tense. Germany's relations with democratic Finland cooled also after the Nazis' rise to power. Credit- based land reform was enacted after the civil war, increasing the proportion of capital- owning population. The Porkkala land lease was returned to Finland in 1. Finland covered an area of approximately 3. During World War II, Finland fought the Soviet Union twice: in the Winter War of 1. After fighting a major Soviet offensive in June/July 1. Finland reached an armistice with the Soviet Union. This was followed by the Lapland War of 1. As a result of the two wars, Finland was forced to cede most of Finnish Karelia, Salla, and Petsamo, which amounted to 1. Vyborg (Viipuri) and the ice- free Liinakhamari (Liinahamari). Almost the whole population, some 4. Finland was never occupied by Soviet forces; it retained its independence, however, at a loss of about 9. Finland rejected Marshall aid, in apparent deference to Soviet desires. However, the United States provided secret development aid and helped the (non- Communist) Social Democratic Party in hopes of preserving Finland's independence. For example, the Valmet corporation was founded to create materials for war reparations. Even after the reparations had been paid off, Finland. The average number of births per woman declined from a baby boom peak of 3. Finland took part in trade liberalization in the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Officially claiming to be neutral, Finland lay in the grey zone between the Western countries and the Soviet Union. Wikipedia: Wikiprojekti Tonnikerho/Tonniartikkeliluettelo . Tonniartikkelien osaluettelo 6. Luettelossa on joitain ylim. Luettelon voi kopioida omalle tarkkailulistalleen, jos haluaa ryhty. Tolkien. Siionin matkalaulut. Sebastian Vettel. Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim. Roomalaiset numerot. Kiitosp. Cooper. Ihmemies Mac. Gyver. Lyhyeksi myynti. Stanley Kubrick. Nirvana (yhtye). Bruce Springsteen. Aleksanteri Suuri. Anonymous (ryhm. Mikkonen. Michael Bubl. Karjalainen. Varsinais- Suomen maakunta. Anders Behring Breivik. Paula Koivuniemi. Bermudan kolmio. Suurten lukujen nimet. Palleatyr. Andersen. Ian Somerhalder. Sleepy Sleepers. Risto R. Snellman. Grigori Rasputin. Irina (laulaja). Berninpaimenkoira. Pohjois- Pohjanmaan maakunta. Klamydia (yhtye). Suomen kirjallisuus. Tommy Tabermann. Etel. Waffen- SS- vuoristodivisioona Handschar. Suomalainen muinaisusko. Virginia Techin veril. Jones. Nanjingin veril. Jackson. Tuomas Kauhanen. Sanna Sillanp. Numminen. Reykjav. Licklider. Vampyyrip. Kennedyn salamurha. Dissosiaatioh. Gordon Liddy. Django Unchained. Suojaik. Martin. Kannaksen suurhy. Olympia. Suomen rajavartiolaitos. Leena Lehtolainen. Suomen paperiteollisuus. The Walking Dead (sarjakuva). Lasse Vir. Edgar Hoover. Tuuli Pet. Roosevelt. Identiteetti (psykologia). Helena Bonham Carter. Eros Ramazzotti. Theodore Roosevelt. Lihaskuntoharjoite. Tieteenfilosofia. Freud Marx Engels & Jung. Lapin l. Simpson. Pekka Rautakallio. Suomen seutukunnat. Erik H. Erikson. Maitohappobakteeri. Mercedes- Benz S- sarja. Toronto Maple Leafs. Tottenham Hotspur FC. Kemiallinen ase. Adobe Photoshop. Meri- Tuuli Lindstr. Burroughs. Pahkasika (lehti). Mikkelin panttivankidraama. Rikos ja rangaistus. Chicago Blackhawks. Keuhkoveritulppa. Kiefer Sutherland. Stand up - komiikka. Pussikaljaelokuva. Puolustusvoimain komentaja. Seksuaalinen suuntautuminen. Tutkanpaljastin. Big Brother 2. Syyskuun 1. 1. Shadows. Israelin historia.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
January 2017
Categories |